Resources+for+the+Circulatory+and+Excretory+System+2017

3. The two systems are the circulatory and lymphatic systems.
===__**Circulatory system**:__ it is responsible for carrying nutrients and oxygen, eliminating metabolic waste. __Lymphatic system:__ it is responsible for returning excess fluid to=== ===the blood, transporting absorbed fat from the small intestine to blood. It also defends the body by fighting microorganisms that could cause infection.===

4. Make a table

 * **Blood** || ===Lymph fluid === ||
 * ===Transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the ===

body
|| ===Transports fat to the blood === ||
 * ===Collects metabolic wastes ===

for elimination
|| ===Collects waste and returns ===

excess fluid to the blood
||

Page 57 Oral questions
===3. . Blood is the body’s protector because it contains white cells and proteins that defend it against infection. Blood is the body’s insulator because it maintains a temperature of about 37º C so that the body can functions properly.=== ===4. The cross-section of the artery should show thicker walls and no valves. The cross- section of the vein should show thinner walls and at least one valve.===

2. . A drop of blood’s journey:
===__left atrium__, left ventricle, aorta, body’s organs, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein back to the __left atrium.__===

===3.The __cardiac cycle__ is a complete sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart. During the atrial systole, the atria push blood into the ventricles.=== ===During the ventricular systole, the contraction pushes blood through the pulmonary artery and the aorta.===

During the diastole, the atria fill with blood, then the ventricles fill with blood.
===4.Oral activity The drawing shows a heart with congenital heart disease: holes in the heart between chambers. These openings would enable blood from the aorta to mix with blood from the pulmonary artery: blood rich in oxygen would mix with blood rich in carbon dioxide. This would result tiredness, sweating, chest pain and cyanosis (a blue tinge to the skin). A correct drawing would be like the one on page 58.===

Page 61 Oral activities
===3. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing on the walls of arteries. It is measured with a sphygmomanometer. This is a special cuff that is wrapped tightly around the upper arm and inflated. A stethoscope is used to listen for the sound of blood in the arteries. The first sound is the systolic blood pressure. The point when the sound stops is the diastolic pressure. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg): The systolic pressure is written first, then the diastolic. Normal blood pressure would be around 120/80 mm Hg.===

High cholesterol foods include butter, lard, fatty meat, full-fat cheese.
===A low-fat diet can help to keep cholesterol levels normal. This prevents it from building up in the arteries.===

Patient 2: WBC and platelets above normal; other components are normal.
===Patient 3: RBC and haemoglobin below normal; other components are normal. Patient 4: RBC above normal; other components are normal.===

Page 63

 * ===Disease === || Cause || Effects ||
 * ===Anaemia === || ===Low level of iron in the ===

body
|| ===Iron deficiency; tissues do not ===

receive enough oxygen.
||
 * ===<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Leukaemia === || ===<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A large number of ===

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">abnormal WBCs
|| ===<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Cells can not fight infection; ===

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">cancer.
||
 * ===<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Haemophilia === || ===<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Inherited disease === || ===<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Blood clots slowly ===

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People bleed longer after injuries.
||