ACTIVITIES+FROM+THE+BOOK

Check in your notebook that you have corrected the following questions (14 in total): Page 113: Question 3, 4 and 5 : Describe the path that sperm travel from formation until fertilization    Page 115: Question 3, 5 and 6: If fertilization has taken place, what happens with the follicle?    Page 117: 3 and 5: Narrate the journey of an ovum since is formed until is fertilized and is implanted in the endometrium. Page 122: Question 1 and 2 Page 124: Questions 2, 3 and 5    What is fertilization?
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The main difference between them is the length of the process. Spermatogenesis is a continuous process that starts in adolescence. In contrast, all the female **__reproductive cells (oocytes)already exist in females before birth.__** month from menarche to menopause. In contrast, many sperm cells are constantly maturing.
 * 3. **Both processes produce reproductive cells.
 * __A __****__nother difference is the number of mature reproductive cells __**.Only one ovule matures every


 * 4. **.Barrier method: condom.The penis is covered with the condom.This prevents sperm from entering the vagina. Chemical method:spermicide. The spermicide is placed in the vagina before intercourse. There,it limits the survival of sperm. Surgical method: vasectomy. The man's vas deferens are cut and tied.This blocks the vas deferens and prevents sperm from leaving the man'sbody.

Produced by a virus:Papilloma virus infection.This virus can cause warts. In advanced cases, it can cause cancer.
 * 5. **Produced by a bacteria: gonorrhoea.This causes inflammationof the urethra and vaginal discharge.


 * 6. **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The pituitary gland secretes the hormones that control the maturation and physiology of the female gonads.

· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Blastocyst: the stage of embryo development that comes after the morula.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">8. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Amniotic sac:it surrounds and protects the embryo.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Placenta:it enables the exchange of substances between mother and embryo in the uterus.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Infertility:the inability to have children naturally.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Birth: the stage of childbirth in which the baby comesout of the uterus.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Navel:the scar left after the umbilical cord is tied.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Zygote: a single cell formed after the fusion of a sperm and an ovule.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Afterbirth: the stage of childbirth in which the placenta is expelled

//__**ACTIVITIES**__// 1.- **PUBERTY** IS THE INITIAL PHASE OF ADOLESCENCE IN WHICH PEOPLE ACQUIRED THE CAPACITY TO REPRODUCE (SEXUAL MATURITY). 2.- **TESTICLES** ARE STRUCTURES OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM COMPOSED OF NUMEROUS TUBES. THE **SPERMATOZOA (SPERM**) ARE FORMED IN THEM. 3.- **OVARIES** ARE STRUCTURES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. THE **OVA** ARE FORMED IN THEM.


 * ACTIVITIES**
 * 1.- SPERMATOGENESIS IS THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF SPERMATOZOA. IT BEGINS AT PUBERTY DUE TO THE ACTION OF MALE HORMONES AND CONTINUES THROUGHOUT LIFE.**
 * .- OOGENESIS IS THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF OVA AND IT OCCURS IN TWO STAGES IN THE OVARY.**
 * .- MENOPAUSE IS THE MOMENT WHEN WOMAN DOES NOT OVULATE WHICH MARKS THE END OF HER ABILITY TO REPRODUCE.**

__//**ACTIVITIES**//__ 1.- **ENDOMETRIUM:** THE ENDOMETRIUM IS THE INNER WALL OF THE UTERUS WHICH BECOMES THICK AND VASCULARISES TO HOST THE EMBRYO WHEN A WOMAN GETS PREGNANT. IT DETACHES FROM THE UTERUS AND IS EXPELLED DURING MENSTRUATION. .**- MENSTRUATION:** PERIODIC (MONTHLY) DISCHARGE OF BLOOD, SECRETIONS, TISSUE AND MUCUS FROM THE ENDOMETRIUM IN THE ABSENCE OF PREGNANCY.

.- **MADURATION OF THE OVULES AND OVULATION** (RELEASE OF THE OVUM INTO THE FALLOPIAN TUBE SO IT CAN BE FERTILISED). AFTER OVULATION, THE CELLS SURROUNDED THE OVUM ARE TRANSFORMED INTO A MASS OF YELLOW CELLS (**CORPUS LUTEUM)**. IF FERTILISATION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE, THIS MASS OF CELLS DEGENERATES AND A NEW CYCLE BEGINS. THE CYCLE OF THE UTERUS LASTS AROUND 28 DAYS AND IT IS THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE I**NTERNALL WALL OF THIS ORGAN, THE ENDOMETRIUM.** .- THE ENDOMETRIUM DETACHES AND IS EXPELLED THROUGH THE VAGINA. THESE HAEMORRHAGES ARE KNOWN AS **MENSTRUATION.** .- THE ENDOMETRIUM LOST IN MESTRUATION ** REGENERATES ** ITSELF STIMULATED BY THE PRODUCTION OF OESTROGENS (FOLLICLE SECRETES OESTROGENS BEFORE OVULATION) .- THE **ENDOMETRIUM BECOMES THICKER AND VASCULARISES** TO PREPARE THE UTERUS FOR THE FERTILISED OVUM. IF FERTILISATION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE, THE ENDOMETRIUM DETACHES, IT WILL BE EXPELLED, THE LEVELS OF HORMONES GO DOWN AND THE CYCLE STARTS AGAIN (MENSTRUATION)
 * 2.- EXPLAIN THE CYCLES OF THE OVARY AND THE UTERUS:**
 * __//** THE CYCLE OF THE OVARY LASTS AROUND 28 DAYS **//__ . IT CONSISTS OF TWO STAGES:
 * //__** THE CYCLE OF THE UTERUS: **__//


 * DEFINE:**


 * ZYGOTE:** IT IS THE RESULT OF THE UNION OF THE OVUM AND THE SPERMATOZOON.


 * EMBRYO:** IT IS A PHASE IN LIFE OF THE NEW BEING FROM THE MOMENT THE ZYGOTE STARTS TO DIVIDE THROUGH THE END OF THE 8th WEEK.


 * FOETUS:** UNBORN CHILD WHICH IS DEVELOPING FROM AN EMBRYO


 * 2.- WHERE IN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DOES FERTILISATION TAKE PLACE? EXPLAIN THE PROCESS.**

FERTILISATION TAKES PLACES IN THE __FALLOPIAN TUBES.__

1.- FERTILISATION IS THE UNION OF A SPERM AND A MATURE OVUM, WHICH PRODUCES A ZYGOTE.

2.-THE ZYGOTE WILL START TO DIVIDE WHILE IT TRAVELS TOWARDS THE UTERUS. THE RESULT IS THE FORMATION OF THE EMBRYO.

3.-THE EMBRYO SINKS INTO THE LINING OF THE UTERUS AND BECOMES BURIED IN IT.


 * 3.- WHAT FUNCTION DO THE PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD HAVE?**

THE __PLACENTA__ IS AN ORGAN THAT TAKES THE NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN THE BABY NEEDS FROM THE MOTHER´S BLOODSTREAM AND SENDS THEM TO THE BABY THROUGH THE UMBILICAL CORD.

THE __UMBILICAL CORD__ IS A DUCT THAT CONNECTS THE PLACENTA TO THE EMBRYO.