Activities++about++Genetic+Engineering

.. ** Activities ** ** Question 1: ** **Transgenic organism** is an organism which has received a DNA fragment from another organism A **vector** is a “vehicle” used for transporting DNA to the receptor organism. It is generally a plasmid or a virus. ** Host cells ** or receptors are cells which receive genes from other organisms. ** Question 2: The ** elements which are essential to recombinant DNA technology are: **Restriction enzymes** which are a kind of “genetic scissors” used to cut segments of DNA. ** DNA ligases **, which are enzymes that join segments of DNA. ** Transfer vectors **, which act as “vehicles” to transport the DNA to the receptor organism. ** Question 1: ** ** DNA sequencing ** is a technique which enables us to determine the order or bases in a segment of DNA. ** The cloning of mammals ** consists of generating clones or identical copies of an adult organism using cells from some of its tissues. Question 2. **PCR** is a technique which makes it possible to obtain millions of copies of a DNA fragment in a very short space of time, using very small samples. It is used, for example, in forensic tests, the diagnosis of genetic diseases and for obtaining DNA copies of organisms in danger of extinction. Questions 1: **Gene therapy** is a technique for replacing defective genes with normal ones. **Genetic profiling** is a technique which enables individuals to be identified by analyzing their DNA.