Genetic+engineering+Initial+questions

=__UNIT 2. Questions from page 42 and 43__= =1.- What is genetic engineering? It consists of the techniques used to manipule genetic material and transfer it to another organism in order to change its traits.= =2.- What can genetic engineering allow us to do?We can eliminate genes, introduce new ones, duplicate them and transfer them to other organisms.= =4.- What is a recombinant DNA? Recombinant DNA is an artificial molecule of DNA obtained from an organism´s gene and a vector. What is a vector? It is an agent that transfers genetic information between two organisms.= =3.-Which elements are essential to carry out recombinant DNA technology? The elements which are essential to carry out recombinant DNA technology are: __Enzymes (Restriction endonucleases)__ that slice DNA in specific sections.= =__DNA ligases__ which are enzymes that join segments of DNA.= =__Transfer vector__ which act as "vehicles" to transport the DNA to the receptor organism. It is generally a __plasmid or a virus__= =4.- Why is PCR ( Polymerasa chain reaction)?It is a technique used to obtain millions of copies of a DNA fragment in very little time.= =5.- How Dolly the sheep was cloned?= =An immature egg was obtained from a sheep. Its nucleus was eliminated.= =The nucleus was replaced by the nucleus of a somatic cell from a different sheep using cell fusion.= =The embryo was implated in a third sheep that goes through the pregnancy.= =The sheep is identical to the one that donated the nucleus.= =__Page 44__= =6.- What are genetic modified organisms also known as? They are know as transgenic organisms.= =7.- What is the key purpose of transgenesis? The main purpose is to give individuals characteristics that they do not have or to modify the characteristics that they already have.= =8.- Explain the difference between: .- gene cloning and animal cloning. The aim of Gene cloning is to obtain copies of a particular gene. The aim of cloning organisms is to obtain identical individuals.= =.- transgenic organism and cloned organism. A Transgenic organism has an added gene that comes from a different individual. A cloned organism is identical to another organism.= =__Page 45__= =9.- What is Biotechnology? It is the discipline that uses technology in biological processes. It uses living organisms in order to obtain particular products or processes.=

**Page 46.** **What is the gene therapy?Gene therapy** is a technique for replacing defective genes with normal ones.

**Genetic profiling** is a technique which enables individuals to be identified by analyzing their DNA. =__Page 47__= =11.- Create two lists showing the positive and negative implications of genetic engineering.=